LinuC（Linux技術者認定資格）＆リナックスサーバ構築設定事例

[root@A]# cat /etc/fstab
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol03 /tmp                    ext3    defaults        1 2
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02 /var                    ext3    defaults,usrquota,grpquota        1 2
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

[root@A]# cat /proc/filesystems
nodev   sysfs
nodev   rootfs
nodev   bdev
nodev   proc

[root@A]# cat /etc/mtab
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 / ext3 rw 0 0
proc /proc proc rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw 0 0

[root@A]# cat /proc/mounts
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
/dev/root / ext3 rw,data=ordered 0 0
/dev /dev tmpfs rw 0 0

[root@A]# mount
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 on / type ext3 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

[root@A]# sync

[root@A]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1M count=50
50+0 records in
50+0 records out
52428800 bytes (52 MB) copied, 0.117411 seconds, 447 MB/s

[root@A]# mkswap /tmp/swapfile
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 52424 kB

[root@A]# swapon /tmp/swapfile

[root@A]# swapon -s
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01         partition       1048568 0       -1
/tmp/swapfile                           file            51192   0       -2

[root@A]# cat /proc/swaps
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01         partition       1048568 0       -1
/tmp/swapfile                           file            51192   0       -2

[root@A]# cdrecord -scanbus
Cdrecord-Clone 2.01 (cpu-pc-linux-gnu) Copyright (C) 1995-2004 Jg Schilling
Note: This version is an unofficial (modified) version with DVD support
Note: and therefore may have bugs that are not present in the original.
Note: Please send bug reports or support requests to http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla
Note: The author of cdrecord should not be bothered with problems in this version.
cdrecord: Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character. Cannot open SCSI driver.
cdrecord: For possible targets try 'cdrecord -scanbus'.
cdrecord: For possible transport specifiers try 'cdrecord dev=help'.

[root@A]# dumpe2fs /dev/sda1 | more
Inode count:              26104
Block count:              104388
Reserved block count:     5219
Free blocks:              89012
Free inodes:              26070
First block:              1
Block size:               1024
Group 1: (Blocks 8193-16384)
  Backup superblock at 8193, Group descriptors at 8194-8194

[root@A]# fsck.ext3
Emergency help:
 -p                   Automatic repair (no questions)
 -n                   Make no changes to the filesystem
 -y                   Assume "yes" to all questions
 -c                   Check for bad blocks and add them to the badblock list
 -f                   Force checking even if filesystem is marked clean
 -v                   Be verbose
 -b superblock        Use alternative superblock
 -B blocksize         Force blocksize when looking for superblock
 -j external_journal  Set location of the external journal
 -l bad_blocks_file   Add to badblocks list
 -L bad_blocks_file   Set badblocks list

[root@A]# e2fsck
Emergency help:
 -p                   Automatic repair (no questions)
 -n                   Make no changes to the filesystem
 -y                   Assume "yes" to all questions
 -c                   Check for bad blocks and add them to the badblock list
 -f                   Force checking even if filesystem is marked clean
 -v                   Be verbose
 -b superblock        Use alternative superblock
 -B blocksize         Force blocksize when looking for superblock
 -j external_journal  Set location of the external journal
 -l bad_blocks_file   Add to badblocks list
 -L bad_blocks_file   Set badblocks list

[root@A]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda1
Inode count:              26104
Block count:              104388
Reserved block count:     5219
Free blocks:              89012
Free inodes:              26070
First block:              1
Block size:               1024

[root@A]# badblocks /dev/sda1

[root@A]# debugfs /dev/sda1
debugfs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
debugfs:  ls
 2  (12) .    2  (12) ..    11  (20) lost+found    16065  (36) grub
 12  (16) message    17  (44) initrd-2.6.18-128.el5.img
 13  (36) System.map-2.6.18-128.el5    14  (32) config-2.6.18-128.el5
 15  (36) symvers-2.6.18-128.el5.gz    16  (780) vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5
debugfs:  quit

[root@A]# cat /etc/auto.master
/misc   /etc/auto.misc

[root@A]# /etc/init.d/autofs restart
automount を停止中:                                        [  OK  ]
automount を起動中:                                        [  OK  ]

[root@A]# ls -l /etc/auto.*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  717  1月 21  2009 /etc/auto.master
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  581  1月 21  2009 /etc/auto.misc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1292  1月 21  2009 /etc/auto.net
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  715  1月 21  2009 /etc/auto.smb

[root@A]# cat /etc/auto.master
/misc   /etc/auto.misc

[root@A]# cat /etc/auto.misc
cd              -fstype=iso9660,ro,nosuid,nodev :/dev/cdrom

[root@A]# ls -l /dev/sda{,1,2}
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 0  1月  5 16:42 /dev/sda
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 1  1月  5 16:42 /dev/sda1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 2  1月  5 16:42 /dev/sda2

[root@A]# ls -l /dev/{ttyS0,input/mice,lp0}
crw------- 1 root root 13, 63  1月  5 16:42 /dev/input/mice
crw-rw---- 1 root lp    6,  0  1月  5 16:42 /dev/lp0
crw-rw---- 1 root uucp  4, 64  1月  5 16:41 /dev/ttyS0

[root@A]# cat /proc/devices
Character devices:
  1 mem
  4 ttyS
  5 /dev/tty
  5 /dev/console
  6 lp
 10 misc
180 usb
189 usb_device
Block devices:
  1 ramdisk
  2 fd
  8 sd
  9 md

[root@A]# ls /etc/udev/rules.d
05-udev-early.rules  51-hotplug.rules  60-pcmcia.rules
61-uinput-stddev.rules  90-alsa.rules  95-pam-console.rules
40-multipath.rules   60-libsane.rules  60-raw.rules

[root@A]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/50-udev.rules
KERNEL=="tty",                  NAME="%k", GROUP="tty", MODE="0666", OPTIONS="last_rule"

[root@A]# udevinfo -q path -n /dev/sda1
/block/sda/sda1

root@A]# udevinfo -q env -n /dev/sda1
ID_VENDOR=VMware,
ID_MODEL=VMware_Virtual_S
ID_REVISION=1.0